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Sound annoyance is "a feeling of displeasure associated with any agent or condition (to sound ) that is believed to affect adversely an individual or a group".〔T. Lindvall & E. P. Radford. Measurement of annoyance due to exposure to environmental factors(1973). Academic Press Inc.〕 ==Impact on health and well-being== Annoyance implies a negative factor an individual's well-being and comfort.Its effects may include physiological responses, central nervous system reactions, and biochemical changes.〔 Physiological reactions to sound annoyance include increased heart rate and increased blood pressure which, among others, may lead to hypertension.〔〔World Health Organisation(WHO). Burden of disease from environmental noise(2011)〕 Hearing impairment, such as increased hearing threshold, and tinnitus are considered as another possible consequence of sound annoyance.〔〔W. Passchier-Vermeer & W.F. Passchier. Noise Exposure and public health (2000). Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol 108, Supplement 1〕 EEG and Magnetoencephalography studies show an increased activity in several parts of the Central Nervous System.〔 Biochemical changes due to sound annoyance include increased secretion of epinephrine, which is related to the 'fight'-reaction (See fight-or-flight response) and increased adrenal cortical activity (see adrenal cortex), which is related to intense and/or stressful events.〔〔 Epidemological investigations have shown that the negative effects of sound annoyance include "a feeling of resentment, displeasure, dissatisfaction, discomfort or offence when noise interferes with someones thoughts, feelings or actual activities".〔 Besides that, unwanted sounds can mask the positive indicators of safety .〔Andringa, T. & Lanser, J. Geluidshinder: Oorzaak en effect. Soundscape onderzoek TT circuit en omgeving. 2012〕 These factors may diminish well-bing of people that suffer from sound annoyance. Other factors that correlate with sound annoyance are increased absence form work,〔 sleep disturbance,〔 and interference with performing cognitive tasks like paying attention at school.〔 For a more detailed article about health effects: health effects from noise. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Sound annoyance」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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